Map of Modern AI Discourse — 100 Voices

Map of Modern AI Discourse

100 voices across 3 continents

Part 1 — Quadrant x Role by Geography

The 2x2 grid (Is AGI close? x Build fast?) with each person color-coded by professional role. Four tabs.

Researcher / Scientist
CEO / Builder
Investor / Ecosystem
Journalist / Media
Policy / Ethics / Safety
Philosopher / Theorist
↑ AGI IS CLOSE

AGI is Close + Slow Down

We see what is coming and it terrifies us.
Yoshua Bengio 🇨🇦
Nick Bostrom 🇸🇪
Max Tegmark 🇸🇪
Connor Leahy 🇬🇧
Ian Hogarth 🇬🇧
Matt Clifford 🇬🇧
13 people. 4 Philosopher, 4 Researcher, 3 Policy, 1 Journalist, 1 CEO.

AGI is Close + Build Fast

This is the defining technology — accelerate, iterate, ship.
Sam Altman 🇺🇸
Dario Amodei 🇺🇸
Ilya Sutskever 🇮🇱🇨🇦
Ray Kurzweil 🇺🇸
Mira Murati 🇺🇸
Jan Leike 🇩🇪→🇺🇸
Jensen Huang 🇺🇸
Satya Nadella 🇺🇸
Sundar Pichai 🇺🇸
Eric Schmidt 🇺🇸
Chris Olah 🇨🇦
Noam Brown 🇺🇸
Emad Mostaque 🇬🇧
35 people. 26 CEO, 4 Researcher, 2 Philosopher, 2 Investor, 1 Policy.
← SLOW DOWN BUILD FAST →

AGI Not Close + Slow Down

Current AI is overhyped. Focus on real harms today.
Timnit Gebru 🇺🇸
Emily Bender 🇺🇸
Kate Crawford 🇦🇺🇺🇸
Gary Marcus 🇺🇸
Rodney Brooks 🇦🇺🇺🇸
Lina Khan 🇺🇸
16 people. 10 Policy, 4 Researcher, 2 Philosopher.

AGI Not Close + Build Pragmatically

AI is useful now. Ship products, educate, build infrastructure.
Andrew Ng 🇺🇸
Fei-Fei Li 🇺🇸
Andrej Karpathy 🇨🇦🇺🇸
Kai-Fu Lee 🇹🇼🇺🇸
Reid Hoffman 🇺🇸
Ajeya Cotra 🇺🇸
Ezra Klein 🇺🇸
Jia Yangqing 🇨🇳🇺🇸
Lisa Su 🇺🇸
Yejin Choi 🇺🇸
Tim Cook 🇺🇸
Percy Liang 🇺🇸
Yann LeCun 🇫🇷
Arthur Mensch 🇫🇷
Jurgen Schmidhuber 🇩🇪🇨🇭
23 people. 13 Researcher, 7 CEO, 2 Policy, 1 Investor.
↓ AGI IS FAR

Media & Narrators (span all quadrants)

Kevin Roose 🇺🇸
Casey Newton 🇺🇸
Lex Fridman 🇺🇸
Kara Swisher 🇺🇸
Azeem Azhar 🇬🇧
Hannah Fry 🇬🇧

Three-Way Comparison: Americas vs. Europe vs. China

AMERICAS 🇺🇸 (47)
5
Close+Slow
16
Close+Build
9
Far+Slow
12
Far+Build
+ 5 media. Build-side: 67%
EUROPE 🇪🇺 (23)
7
Close+Slow
4
Close+Build
3
Far+Slow
5
Far+Build
+ 4 media. Build-side: 47%
CHINA 🇨🇳 (30)
1
Close+Slow
15
Close+Build
4
Far+Slow
6
Far+Build
+ 4 media. Build-side: 81%

The pattern is unmistakable. Each region mirrors its political economy:

Americas: The most polarised. A massive build-fast bloc of CEOs and investors faces a vocal ethics/activist camp.

Europe: The most balanced and cautious. The only region where slow-down matches or exceeds build. A unique regulatory quadrant. Governance as product.

China: The most lopsided. 80%+ on the build side. Almost no public doomers. Ethics runs through state channels.

Researcher / Scientist
CEO / Builder
Investor / Ecosystem
Journalist / Media
Policy / Ethics / Safety
Philosopher / Theorist
↑ AGI IS CLOSE

AGI is Close + Slow Down

We see what is coming and it terrifies us.
5 people. 2 Philosopher, 1 Researcher, 1 Policy, 1 Journalist.

AGI is Close + Build Fast

This is the defining technology — accelerate, iterate, ship.
Sam Altman 🇺🇸
Dario Amodei 🇺🇸
Ilya Sutskever 🇮🇱🇨🇦
Ray Kurzweil 🇺🇸
Mira Murati 🇺🇸
Jan Leike 🇩🇪→🇺🇸
Jensen Huang 🇺🇸
Satya Nadella 🇺🇸
Sundar Pichai 🇺🇸
Eric Schmidt 🇺🇸
Chris Olah 🇨🇦
Noam Brown 🇺🇸
16 people. 9 CEO, 2 Philosopher, 2 Investor, 2 Researcher, 1 Policy.
← SLOW DOWN BUILD FAST →

AGI Not Close + Slow Down

Current AI is overhyped. Focus on real harms today.
Timnit Gebru 🇺🇸
Emily Bender 🇺🇸
Kate Crawford 🇦🇺🇺🇸
Gary Marcus 🇺🇸
Rodney Brooks 🇦🇺🇺🇸
Lina Khan 🇺🇸
9 people. 5 Policy, 3 Researcher, 1 Philosopher.

AGI Not Close + Build Pragmatically

AI is useful now. Ship products, educate, build infrastructure.
Andrew Ng 🇺🇸
Fei-Fei Li 🇺🇸
Andrej Karpathy 🇨🇦🇺🇸
Kai-Fu Lee 🇹🇼🇺🇸
Reid Hoffman 🇺🇸
Ajeya Cotra 🇺🇸
Ezra Klein 🇺🇸
Jia Yangqing 🇨🇳🇺🇸
Lisa Su 🇺🇸
Yejin Choi 🇺🇸
Tim Cook 🇺🇸
Percy Liang 🇺🇸
12 people. 6 Researcher, 3 CEO, 2 Policy, 1 Investor.
↓ AGI IS FAR

Media & Narrators (span all quadrants)

Kevin Roose 🇺🇸
Casey Newton 🇺🇸
Lex Fridman 🇺🇸
Kara Swisher 🇺🇸

Americas: The Polarised Superpower

CEOs and investors pack the top-right. The people with the most to gain financially are the most bullish on AGI.

The activist quadrant (bottom-left) is uniquely American. Gebru, Buolamwini, Khan, Nelson — adversarial critics. No equivalent in China.

The media engine is American. All 5 major AI media voices are US-based. The narrative is set in San Francisco.

Bridge figures (Kai-Fu Lee, Jia Yangqing) connect Silicon Valley to Asia.

Researcher / Scientist
CEO / Builder
Investor / Ecosystem
Journalist / Media
Policy / Ethics / Safety
Philosopher / Theorist
↑ AGI IS CLOSE

AGI is Close + Slow Down

We see what is coming and it terrifies us.
Nick Bostrom 🇸🇪
Max Tegmark 🇸🇪
Connor Leahy 🇬🇧
Ian Hogarth 🇬🇧
Matt Clifford 🇬🇧
7 people. 2 Researcher, 2 Philosopher, 2 Policy, 1 CEO.

AGI is Close + Build Fast

This is the defining technology — accelerate, iterate, ship.
Emad Mostaque 🇬🇧
4 people. 3 CEO, 1 Researcher.
← SLOW DOWN BUILD FAST →

AGI Not Close + Slow Down

Current AI is overhyped. Focus on real harms today.
3 people. 2 Policy, 1 Philosopher.

AGI Not Close + Build Pragmatically

AI is useful now. Ship products, educate, build infrastructure.
Yann LeCun 🇫🇷
Arthur Mensch 🇫🇷
Jurgen Schmidhuber 🇩🇪🇨🇭
5 people. 3 Researcher, 2 CEO.
↓ AGI IS FAR

Media & Narrators (span all quadrants)

Azeem Azhar 🇬🇧
Hannah Fry 🇬🇧

Europe: The Regulator-Builder Paradox

Britain builds, Brussels regulates, France does both. Frontier builders (Hassabis, Suleyman) are British DeepMind alumni. Regulators (Vestager, Villani) are continental.

The builder gap is real. Only 4 in build-fast vs. 21 Americas and 16 China.

Open-source as European strategy. Mensch (Mistral) and Delangue (Hugging Face) position open-weight as competitive counter.

The French quadrant: 4 of 5 pragmatic builders are French. France is Europe AI engine.

Researcher / Scientist
CEO / Builder
Investor / Ecosystem
Journalist / Media
Policy / Ethics / Safety
Philosopher / Theorist
↑ AGI IS CLOSE

AGI is Close + Slow Down

We see what is coming and it terrifies us.
1 people. 1 Researcher.

AGI is Close + Build Fast

This is the defining technology — accelerate, iterate, ship.
15 people. 14 CEO, 1 Researcher.
← SLOW DOWN BUILD FAST →

AGI Not Close + Slow Down

Current AI is overhyped. Focus on real harms today.
4 people. 3 Policy, 1 Researcher.

AGI Not Close + Build Pragmatically

AI is useful now. Ship products, educate, build infrastructure.
6 people. 4 Researcher, 2 CEO.
↓ AGI IS FAR

Media & Narrators (span all quadrants)

China: The Builder Consensus

The doomer quadrant barely exists. Only Andrew Yao has the stature to speak freely on slowdowns.

Build fast is the overwhelming default. 16 of 26 non-media figures land in build-fast. DeepSeek + state directives = acceleration consensus.

Ethics does not equal activism. Chinese ethics voices work within state-adjacent institutions.

No philosopher cluster. No Chinese Yudkowsky or Bostrom. Discourse is pragmatic, not speculative.


Part 2 — The 100

All 100 voices in a single unified list — 47 Americas, 23 Europe, 30 China.

#NameRole / AffiliationGeographyTagline
1Eliezer Yudkowsky 🇺🇸MIRI founderAmericasShut it down! Doomed.
2Yoshua Bengio 🇨🇦Mila, Turing AwardAmericasDeep learning pioneer turned safety advocate.
3Tristan Harris 🇺🇸Center for Humane TechnologyAmericasAttention economy to AI x-risk.
4Leopold Aschenbrenner 🇺🇸Ex-OpenAI, authorAmericasSituational Awareness. AGI by 2027.
5Zvi Mowshowitz 🇺🇸Blogger / RationalistAmericasRationalist watchdog. Tracks everything.
6Sam Altman 🇺🇸OpenAI CEOAmericasScale to AGI.
7Dario Amodei 🇺🇸Anthropic CEOAmericasResponsible race to the top.
8Daniela Amodei 🇺🇸Anthropic PresidentAmericasScaling safety as business.
9Ilya Sutskever 🇮🇱🇨🇦SSI co-founder, ex-OpenAIAmericasSafe superintelligence first.
10Ray Kurzweil 🇺🇸Google, futuristAmericasSingularity is Near! Exponential optimism.
11Guillaume Verdon 🇨🇦e/acc founderAmericasThermodynamic imperative!
12Marc Andreessen 🇺🇸a16z co-founderAmericasTechno-Optimist Manifesto.
13Mira Murati 🇺🇸Ex-OpenAI CTOAmericasShipped GPT-4 and ChatGPT.
14Jan Leike 🇩🇪→🇺🇸Anthropic, Alignment ScienceAmericasLeft OpenAI over safety.
15Mark Zuckerberg 🇺🇸Meta CEOAmericasOpen-source Llama champion.
16Jensen Huang 🇺🇸NVIDIA CEOAmericasGPU kingmaker.
17Satya Nadella 🇺🇸Microsoft CEOAmericasBet the company on OpenAI.
18Sundar Pichai 🇺🇸Google/Alphabet CEOAmericasGemini era.
19Eric Schmidt 🇺🇸Ex-Google CEO, investorAmericasNational security AI hawk.
20Chris Olah 🇨🇦AnthropicAmericasInterpretability pioneer.
21Noam Brown 🇺🇸Meta FAIRAmericasReasoning and planning AI researcher.
22Timnit Gebru 🇺🇸DAIR Institute founderAmericasJustice and ethics now.
23Emily Bender 🇺🇸UW LinguisticsAmericasStochastic Parrots.
24Kate Crawford 🇦🇺🇺🇸USC / Microsoft ResearchAmericasAtlas of AI.
25Joy Buolamwini 🇺🇸Algorithmic Justice LeagueAmericasUnmasking AI.
26Gary Marcus 🇺🇸NYU, authorAmericasDeep Learning Wall. Hybrid AI needed.
27Rodney Brooks 🇦🇺🇺🇸MIT, iRobot co-founderAmericasEmbodied skeptic.
28Arvind Narayanan 🇺🇸PrincetonAmericasAI Snake Oil. Debunking hype.
29Lina Khan 🇺🇸FTC ChairAmericasAI antitrust and regulation.
30Alondra Nelson 🇺🇸Former White House OSTPAmericasAI policy architect.
31Andrew Ng 🇺🇸Stanford / DeepLearning.AIAmericasAI as utility. Pragmatist.
32Fei-Fei Li 🇺🇸Stanford HAI / World LabsAmericasGodmother of AI.
33Andrej Karpathy 🇨🇦🇺🇸Ex-Tesla/OpenAI, educatorAmericasAI favourite teacher. Builds in public.
34Kai-Fu Lee 🇹🇼🇺🇸01.AI CEO, SinovationAmericasEast-West bridge. AI Superpowers.
35Reid Hoffman 🇺🇸Greylock / LinkedIn co-founderAmericasTechno-humanist.
36Ajeya Cotra 🇺🇸Open PhilanthropyAmericasAI timeline forecasting.
37Ezra Klein 🇺🇸NYT columnistAmericasPolicy wonk, nuclear analogy.
38Jia Yangqing 🇨🇳🇺🇸Lepton AI, Caffe co-creatorAmericasBuilt the frameworks. Now building infra.
39Lisa Su 🇺🇸AMD CEOAmericasAI hardware challenger.
40Yejin Choi 🇺🇸UW / Allen AIAmericasCommonsense reasoning. MacArthur Fellow.
41Tim Cook 🇺🇸Apple CEOAmericasApple Intelligence. On-device AI.
42Percy Liang 🇺🇸Stanford HELMAmericasAI benchmarking and transparency.
43Kevin Roose 🇺🇸NYT tech columnistAmericasAnxious mainstream voice.
44Casey Newton 🇺🇸PlatformerAmericasPragmatic tech reporter.
45Lex Fridman 🇺🇸MIT, podcasterAmericasOptimistic host. Long-form.
46Dwarkesh Patel 🇺🇸Podcaster / InterviewerAmericasDeep-dive interviews.
47Kara Swisher 🇺🇸Pivot podcastAmericasTech journalism sharpest voice.
48Geoffrey Hinton 🇬🇧Turing Award, ex-GoogleEuropeRegretful Godfather. Left Google to warn.
49Nick Bostrom 🇸🇪Oxford FHIEuropeSuperintelligence. Original x-risk thinker.
50Max Tegmark 🇸🇪MIT / FLI founderEuropeLife 3.0. Pause and regulate.
51Connor Leahy 🇬🇧Conjecture CEOEuropeYoung doomer. Alignment startup.
52Stuart Russell 🇬🇧UC BerkeleyEuropeHuman Compatible.
53Ian Hogarth 🇬🇧UK AI Safety InstituteEuropeChair of UK AISI.
54Matt Clifford 🇬🇧Entrepreneur FirstEuropeUK AI Safety Summit co-chair.
55Demis Hassabis 🇬🇧Google DeepMind CEOEuropeNobel laureate. Cautious architect.
56Mustafa Suleyman 🇬🇧Microsoft AI CEOEuropeThe Coming Wave. Containment problem.
57Emad Mostaque 🇬🇧Ex-Stability AI CEOEuropeGenerative AI democratiser.
58Shakir Mohamed 🇬🇧DeepMind VP ResearchEuropeAI for social good.
59Margrethe Vestager 🇩🇰EU CommissionEuropeEU AI Act architect.
60Cedric Villani 🇫🇷Fields Medal, deputyEuropeFrance national AI strategy author.
61Luciano Floridi 🇮🇹Yale / BolognaEuropeAI ethics philosopher.
62Yann LeCun 🇫🇷Meta, Turing AwardEuropeNo AGI via LLMs. Need new architectures.
63Francois Chollet 🇫🇷Google / Keras creatorEuropeReasoning needed, not scaling.
64Arthur Mensch 🇫🇷Mistral AI CEOEuropeEurope frontier lab. Open-weight.
65Clement Delangue 🇫🇷Hugging Face CEOEuropeOpen-source AI for everyone.
66Jurgen Schmidhuber 🇩🇪🇨🇭IDSIA / KAUSTEuropeLSTM co-inventor.
67Azeem Azhar 🇬🇧Exponential ViewEuropeNewsletter and podcast.
68Hannah Fry 🇬🇧BBC / UCLEuropeMathematician and AI communicator.
69Benedict Evans 🇬🇧Tech analyst / newsletterEuropeAI market analysis.
70Simon Willison 🇬🇧Developer / bloggerEuropeAI tools and open-source.
71Andrew Yao (姚期智) 🇨🇳Tsinghua, Turing AwardChinaAI safety advocate in China.
72Liang Wenfeng (梁文锋) 🇨🇳DeepSeek CEOChina2025 breakout. Open-source disruptor.
73Robin Li (李彦宏) 🇨🇳Baidu CEOChinaERNIE Bot. Search-to-AI pivot.
74Yang Zhilin (杨植麟) 🇨🇳Moonshot AI (Kimi)ChinaYoung frontier builder.
75Zhang Peng (张鹏) 🇨🇳Zhipu AI CEOChinaTsinghua-backed ChatGLM.
76Li Dahai (李大海) 🇨🇳MiniMax co-founderChinaConsumer AI apps.
77Wang Xiaochuan (王小川) 🇨🇳Baichuan AI / ex-SogouChinaLLM race.
78Pony Ma (马化腾) 🇨🇳Tencent CEOChinaWeChat AI integration.
79Zhang Yiming (张一鸣) 🇨🇳ByteDance founderChinaAI-first recommendation then LLMs.
80Jack Ma (马云) 🇨🇳Alibaba founderChinaQwen models. Cloud AI.
81Ren Zhengfei (任正非) 🇨🇳Huawei founderChinaAI chips and infra under sanctions.
82Zhou Bowen (周伯文) 🇨🇳Shanghai AI LabChinaState-backed frontier research.
83Wang Huiwen (王慧文) 🇨🇳Ex-Meituan, AI startupChinaLight Years Beyond.
84Fu Sheng (傅盛) 🇨🇳OrionStar roboticsChinaActive AI commentator.
85Li Zhifei (李志飞) 🇨🇳Mobvoi founderChinaAI voice and LLMs.
86Shen Xiangyang (沈向洋) 🇨🇳Ex-Microsoft EVP, Xiabing AIChinaXiaoIce CEO.
87Zeng Yi (曾毅) 🇨🇳Chinese Academy of SciencesChinaAI ethics and governance.
88Xu Li (徐立) 🇨🇳SenseTime CEOChinaNavigating AI governance.
89Zheng Nanning (郑南宁) 🇨🇳Xi'an Jiaotong Univ.ChinaCAS Academician. Perception pioneer.
90Hao Jingfang (郝景芳) 🇨🇳Hugo Award SciFi writerChinaAI ethics commentator.
91Lu Qi (陆奇) 🇨🇳MiraclePlus (YC China)ChinaEx-Baidu COO. Ecosystem builder.
92He Kaiming (何恺明) 🇨🇳MIT (ex-FAIR)ChinaResNet inventor.
93Zhu Songchun (朱松纯) 🇨🇳BIGAI directorChinaCognitive AI.
94Tang Xiaoou (汤晓鸥) 🇨🇳SenseTime co-founderChinaCV and AI pioneer (d. 2023).
95Wang Jian (王坚) 🇨🇳Alibaba Cloud founderChinaCity Brain. CAS Academician.
96Zhang Hongjiang (张宏江) 🇨🇳Zhiyuan Research InstituteChinaEx-MSRA head.
97Luo Zhenyu (罗振宇) 🇨🇳Dedao platformChinaKnowledge and AI evangelist.
98Wu Xiaobo (吴晓波) 🇨🇳Author / commentatorChinaBusiness and tech commentary.
99Pan Luan (潘乱) 🇨🇳Tech journalistChinaDeep dives on Chinese AI.
100Huo Ju (霍炬) 🇨🇳Tech bloggerChinaAI and open-source commentary.

Part 3 — The Original 24

The people mapped in the original PDF, on two axes: Acceleration vs Deceleration and True Believers vs Skeptics.

#NameOriginal GroupTagline
1Eliezer YudkowskySafety / DoomerShut it down! Doomed.
2Max TegmarkSafety / DoomerPause and Regulate.
3Geoffrey HintonSafety / DoomerRegretful Godfather.
4Zvi MowshowitzSafety / DoomerRationalist Watchdog.
5Ilya SutskeverSafety / DoomerSafe Superintelligence First.
6Ezra KleinSafety / DoomerPolicy Wonk, Nuclear Analogy.
7Timnit GebruEthicists and CriticsJustice and Ethics Now.
8Emily BenderEthicists and CriticsStochastic Parrots.
9Gary MarcusEthicists and CriticsDeep Learning Wall.
10Rodney BrooksSkepticEmbodied Skeptic.
11Kevin RooseSkepticAnxious Mainstream Voice.
12Yann LeCunPragmatic ScientistNo AGI via LLM.
13Francois CholletPragmatic ScientistReasoning Needed, Not Scaling.
14Dario AmodeiBuilders and FuturistsResponsible Race to Top.
15Ray KurzweilBuilders and FuturistsSingularity is Near!
16Dwarkesh PatelBuilders and FuturistsDeep Diver.
17Demis HassabisBuilders and FuturistsCautious Architect.
18Sam AltmanBuilders and FuturistsScale to AGI.
19Marc AndreessenBuilders and FuturistsTechno-Optimist Manifesto.
20Lex FridmanBuilders and FuturistsOptimistic Host.
21Guillaume Verdone/accThermodynamic Imperative!
22Casey NewtonMediaPragmatic Reporter.
23Mark ZuckerbergBuilders and FuturistsOpen Source Champion.
24Andrew NgPragmatic ScientistPragmatist, AI as Utility.

This is a curated map of the 100 most influential voices in artificial intelligence as of 2026, spanning the United States, Europe and China - plotted by two questions: is AGI close, and should we build fast?

Last updated: June 2026

See also: 200 AI Tools · AI Reality Map · Test your AI proficiency · Executive AI Days