Map of Modern AI Discourse
100 voices across 3 continents
Part 1 — Quadrant x Role by Geography
The 2x2 grid (Is AGI close? x Build fast?) with each person color-coded by professional role. Four tabs.
AGI is Close + Slow Down
AGI is Close + Build Fast
AGI Not Close + Slow Down
AGI Not Close + Build Pragmatically
Media & Narrators (span all quadrants)
Three-Way Comparison: Americas vs. Europe vs. China
The pattern is unmistakable. Each region mirrors its political economy:
Americas: The most polarised. A massive build-fast bloc of CEOs and investors faces a vocal ethics/activist camp.
Europe: The most balanced and cautious. The only region where slow-down matches or exceeds build. A unique regulatory quadrant. Governance as product.
China: The most lopsided. 80%+ on the build side. Almost no public doomers. Ethics runs through state channels.
AGI is Close + Slow Down
AGI is Close + Build Fast
AGI Not Close + Slow Down
AGI Not Close + Build Pragmatically
Media & Narrators (span all quadrants)
Americas: The Polarised Superpower
CEOs and investors pack the top-right. The people with the most to gain financially are the most bullish on AGI.
The activist quadrant (bottom-left) is uniquely American. Gebru, Buolamwini, Khan, Nelson — adversarial critics. No equivalent in China.
The media engine is American. All 5 major AI media voices are US-based. The narrative is set in San Francisco.
Bridge figures (Kai-Fu Lee, Jia Yangqing) connect Silicon Valley to Asia.
AGI is Close + Slow Down
AGI is Close + Build Fast
AGI Not Close + Slow Down
AGI Not Close + Build Pragmatically
Media & Narrators (span all quadrants)
Europe: The Regulator-Builder Paradox
Britain builds, Brussels regulates, France does both. Frontier builders (Hassabis, Suleyman) are British DeepMind alumni. Regulators (Vestager, Villani) are continental.
The builder gap is real. Only 4 in build-fast vs. 21 Americas and 16 China.
Open-source as European strategy. Mensch (Mistral) and Delangue (Hugging Face) position open-weight as competitive counter.
The French quadrant: 4 of 5 pragmatic builders are French. France is Europe AI engine.
AGI is Close + Slow Down
AGI is Close + Build Fast
AGI Not Close + Slow Down
AGI Not Close + Build Pragmatically
Media & Narrators (span all quadrants)
China: The Builder Consensus
The doomer quadrant barely exists. Only Andrew Yao has the stature to speak freely on slowdowns.
Build fast is the overwhelming default. 16 of 26 non-media figures land in build-fast. DeepSeek + state directives = acceleration consensus.
Ethics does not equal activism. Chinese ethics voices work within state-adjacent institutions.
No philosopher cluster. No Chinese Yudkowsky or Bostrom. Discourse is pragmatic, not speculative.
Part 2 — The 100
All 100 voices in a single unified list — 47 Americas, 23 Europe, 30 China.
| # | Name | Role / Affiliation | Geography | Tagline |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eliezer Yudkowsky 🇺🇸 | MIRI founder | Americas | Shut it down! Doomed. |
| 2 | Yoshua Bengio 🇨🇦 | Mila, Turing Award | Americas | Deep learning pioneer turned safety advocate. |
| 3 | Tristan Harris 🇺🇸 | Center for Humane Technology | Americas | Attention economy to AI x-risk. |
| 4 | Leopold Aschenbrenner 🇺🇸 | Ex-OpenAI, author | Americas | Situational Awareness. AGI by 2027. |
| 5 | Zvi Mowshowitz 🇺🇸 | Blogger / Rationalist | Americas | Rationalist watchdog. Tracks everything. |
| 6 | Sam Altman 🇺🇸 | OpenAI CEO | Americas | Scale to AGI. |
| 7 | Dario Amodei 🇺🇸 | Anthropic CEO | Americas | Responsible race to the top. |
| 8 | Daniela Amodei 🇺🇸 | Anthropic President | Americas | Scaling safety as business. |
| 9 | Ilya Sutskever 🇮🇱🇨🇦 | SSI co-founder, ex-OpenAI | Americas | Safe superintelligence first. |
| 10 | Ray Kurzweil 🇺🇸 | Google, futurist | Americas | Singularity is Near! Exponential optimism. |
| 11 | Guillaume Verdon 🇨🇦 | e/acc founder | Americas | Thermodynamic imperative! |
| 12 | Marc Andreessen 🇺🇸 | a16z co-founder | Americas | Techno-Optimist Manifesto. |
| 13 | Mira Murati 🇺🇸 | Ex-OpenAI CTO | Americas | Shipped GPT-4 and ChatGPT. |
| 14 | Jan Leike 🇩🇪→🇺🇸 | Anthropic, Alignment Science | Americas | Left OpenAI over safety. |
| 15 | Mark Zuckerberg 🇺🇸 | Meta CEO | Americas | Open-source Llama champion. |
| 16 | Jensen Huang 🇺🇸 | NVIDIA CEO | Americas | GPU kingmaker. |
| 17 | Satya Nadella 🇺🇸 | Microsoft CEO | Americas | Bet the company on OpenAI. |
| 18 | Sundar Pichai 🇺🇸 | Google/Alphabet CEO | Americas | Gemini era. |
| 19 | Eric Schmidt 🇺🇸 | Ex-Google CEO, investor | Americas | National security AI hawk. |
| 20 | Chris Olah 🇨🇦 | Anthropic | Americas | Interpretability pioneer. |
| 21 | Noam Brown 🇺🇸 | Meta FAIR | Americas | Reasoning and planning AI researcher. |
| 22 | Timnit Gebru 🇺🇸 | DAIR Institute founder | Americas | Justice and ethics now. |
| 23 | Emily Bender 🇺🇸 | UW Linguistics | Americas | Stochastic Parrots. |
| 24 | Kate Crawford 🇦🇺🇺🇸 | USC / Microsoft Research | Americas | Atlas of AI. |
| 25 | Joy Buolamwini 🇺🇸 | Algorithmic Justice League | Americas | Unmasking AI. |
| 26 | Gary Marcus 🇺🇸 | NYU, author | Americas | Deep Learning Wall. Hybrid AI needed. |
| 27 | Rodney Brooks 🇦🇺🇺🇸 | MIT, iRobot co-founder | Americas | Embodied skeptic. |
| 28 | Arvind Narayanan 🇺🇸 | Princeton | Americas | AI Snake Oil. Debunking hype. |
| 29 | Lina Khan 🇺🇸 | FTC Chair | Americas | AI antitrust and regulation. |
| 30 | Alondra Nelson 🇺🇸 | Former White House OSTP | Americas | AI policy architect. |
| 31 | Andrew Ng 🇺🇸 | Stanford / DeepLearning.AI | Americas | AI as utility. Pragmatist. |
| 32 | Fei-Fei Li 🇺🇸 | Stanford HAI / World Labs | Americas | Godmother of AI. |
| 33 | Andrej Karpathy 🇨🇦🇺🇸 | Ex-Tesla/OpenAI, educator | Americas | AI favourite teacher. Builds in public. |
| 34 | Kai-Fu Lee 🇹🇼🇺🇸 | 01.AI CEO, Sinovation | Americas | East-West bridge. AI Superpowers. |
| 35 | Reid Hoffman 🇺🇸 | Greylock / LinkedIn co-founder | Americas | Techno-humanist. |
| 36 | Ajeya Cotra 🇺🇸 | Open Philanthropy | Americas | AI timeline forecasting. |
| 37 | Ezra Klein 🇺🇸 | NYT columnist | Americas | Policy wonk, nuclear analogy. |
| 38 | Jia Yangqing 🇨🇳🇺🇸 | Lepton AI, Caffe co-creator | Americas | Built the frameworks. Now building infra. |
| 39 | Lisa Su 🇺🇸 | AMD CEO | Americas | AI hardware challenger. |
| 40 | Yejin Choi 🇺🇸 | UW / Allen AI | Americas | Commonsense reasoning. MacArthur Fellow. |
| 41 | Tim Cook 🇺🇸 | Apple CEO | Americas | Apple Intelligence. On-device AI. |
| 42 | Percy Liang 🇺🇸 | Stanford HELM | Americas | AI benchmarking and transparency. |
| 43 | Kevin Roose 🇺🇸 | NYT tech columnist | Americas | Anxious mainstream voice. |
| 44 | Casey Newton 🇺🇸 | Platformer | Americas | Pragmatic tech reporter. |
| 45 | Lex Fridman 🇺🇸 | MIT, podcaster | Americas | Optimistic host. Long-form. |
| 46 | Dwarkesh Patel 🇺🇸 | Podcaster / Interviewer | Americas | Deep-dive interviews. |
| 47 | Kara Swisher 🇺🇸 | Pivot podcast | Americas | Tech journalism sharpest voice. |
| 48 | Geoffrey Hinton 🇬🇧 | Turing Award, ex-Google | Europe | Regretful Godfather. Left Google to warn. |
| 49 | Nick Bostrom 🇸🇪 | Oxford FHI | Europe | Superintelligence. Original x-risk thinker. |
| 50 | Max Tegmark 🇸🇪 | MIT / FLI founder | Europe | Life 3.0. Pause and regulate. |
| 51 | Connor Leahy 🇬🇧 | Conjecture CEO | Europe | Young doomer. Alignment startup. |
| 52 | Stuart Russell 🇬🇧 | UC Berkeley | Europe | Human Compatible. |
| 53 | Ian Hogarth 🇬🇧 | UK AI Safety Institute | Europe | Chair of UK AISI. |
| 54 | Matt Clifford 🇬🇧 | Entrepreneur First | Europe | UK AI Safety Summit co-chair. |
| 55 | Demis Hassabis 🇬🇧 | Google DeepMind CEO | Europe | Nobel laureate. Cautious architect. |
| 56 | Mustafa Suleyman 🇬🇧 | Microsoft AI CEO | Europe | The Coming Wave. Containment problem. |
| 57 | Emad Mostaque 🇬🇧 | Ex-Stability AI CEO | Europe | Generative AI democratiser. |
| 58 | Shakir Mohamed 🇬🇧 | DeepMind VP Research | Europe | AI for social good. |
| 59 | Margrethe Vestager 🇩🇰 | EU Commission | Europe | EU AI Act architect. |
| 60 | Cedric Villani 🇫🇷 | Fields Medal, deputy | Europe | France national AI strategy author. |
| 61 | Luciano Floridi 🇮🇹 | Yale / Bologna | Europe | AI ethics philosopher. |
| 62 | Yann LeCun 🇫🇷 | Meta, Turing Award | Europe | No AGI via LLMs. Need new architectures. |
| 63 | Francois Chollet 🇫🇷 | Google / Keras creator | Europe | Reasoning needed, not scaling. |
| 64 | Arthur Mensch 🇫🇷 | Mistral AI CEO | Europe | Europe frontier lab. Open-weight. |
| 65 | Clement Delangue 🇫🇷 | Hugging Face CEO | Europe | Open-source AI for everyone. |
| 66 | Jurgen Schmidhuber 🇩🇪🇨🇭 | IDSIA / KAUST | Europe | LSTM co-inventor. |
| 67 | Azeem Azhar 🇬🇧 | Exponential View | Europe | Newsletter and podcast. |
| 68 | Hannah Fry 🇬🇧 | BBC / UCL | Europe | Mathematician and AI communicator. |
| 69 | Benedict Evans 🇬🇧 | Tech analyst / newsletter | Europe | AI market analysis. |
| 70 | Simon Willison 🇬🇧 | Developer / blogger | Europe | AI tools and open-source. |
| 71 | Andrew Yao (姚期智) 🇨🇳 | Tsinghua, Turing Award | China | AI safety advocate in China. |
| 72 | Liang Wenfeng (梁文锋) 🇨🇳 | DeepSeek CEO | China | 2025 breakout. Open-source disruptor. |
| 73 | Robin Li (李彦宏) 🇨🇳 | Baidu CEO | China | ERNIE Bot. Search-to-AI pivot. |
| 74 | Yang Zhilin (杨植麟) 🇨🇳 | Moonshot AI (Kimi) | China | Young frontier builder. |
| 75 | Zhang Peng (张鹏) 🇨🇳 | Zhipu AI CEO | China | Tsinghua-backed ChatGLM. |
| 76 | Li Dahai (李大海) 🇨🇳 | MiniMax co-founder | China | Consumer AI apps. |
| 77 | Wang Xiaochuan (王小川) 🇨🇳 | Baichuan AI / ex-Sogou | China | LLM race. |
| 78 | Pony Ma (马化腾) 🇨🇳 | Tencent CEO | China | WeChat AI integration. |
| 79 | Zhang Yiming (张一鸣) 🇨🇳 | ByteDance founder | China | AI-first recommendation then LLMs. |
| 80 | Jack Ma (马云) 🇨🇳 | Alibaba founder | China | Qwen models. Cloud AI. |
| 81 | Ren Zhengfei (任正非) 🇨🇳 | Huawei founder | China | AI chips and infra under sanctions. |
| 82 | Zhou Bowen (周伯文) 🇨🇳 | Shanghai AI Lab | China | State-backed frontier research. |
| 83 | Wang Huiwen (王慧文) 🇨🇳 | Ex-Meituan, AI startup | China | Light Years Beyond. |
| 84 | Fu Sheng (傅盛) 🇨🇳 | OrionStar robotics | China | Active AI commentator. |
| 85 | Li Zhifei (李志飞) 🇨🇳 | Mobvoi founder | China | AI voice and LLMs. |
| 86 | Shen Xiangyang (沈向洋) 🇨🇳 | Ex-Microsoft EVP, Xiabing AI | China | XiaoIce CEO. |
| 87 | Zeng Yi (曾毅) 🇨🇳 | Chinese Academy of Sciences | China | AI ethics and governance. |
| 88 | Xu Li (徐立) 🇨🇳 | SenseTime CEO | China | Navigating AI governance. |
| 89 | Zheng Nanning (郑南宁) 🇨🇳 | Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. | China | CAS Academician. Perception pioneer. |
| 90 | Hao Jingfang (郝景芳) 🇨🇳 | Hugo Award SciFi writer | China | AI ethics commentator. |
| 91 | Lu Qi (陆奇) 🇨🇳 | MiraclePlus (YC China) | China | Ex-Baidu COO. Ecosystem builder. |
| 92 | He Kaiming (何恺明) 🇨🇳 | MIT (ex-FAIR) | China | ResNet inventor. |
| 93 | Zhu Songchun (朱松纯) 🇨🇳 | BIGAI director | China | Cognitive AI. |
| 94 | Tang Xiaoou (汤晓鸥) 🇨🇳 | SenseTime co-founder | China | CV and AI pioneer (d. 2023). |
| 95 | Wang Jian (王坚) 🇨🇳 | Alibaba Cloud founder | China | City Brain. CAS Academician. |
| 96 | Zhang Hongjiang (张宏江) 🇨🇳 | Zhiyuan Research Institute | China | Ex-MSRA head. |
| 97 | Luo Zhenyu (罗振宇) 🇨🇳 | Dedao platform | China | Knowledge and AI evangelist. |
| 98 | Wu Xiaobo (吴晓波) 🇨🇳 | Author / commentator | China | Business and tech commentary. |
| 99 | Pan Luan (潘乱) 🇨🇳 | Tech journalist | China | Deep dives on Chinese AI. |
| 100 | Huo Ju (霍炬) 🇨🇳 | Tech blogger | China | AI and open-source commentary. |
Part 3 — The Original 24
The people mapped in the original PDF, on two axes: Acceleration vs Deceleration and True Believers vs Skeptics.
| # | Name | Original Group | Tagline |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eliezer Yudkowsky | Safety / Doomer | Shut it down! Doomed. |
| 2 | Max Tegmark | Safety / Doomer | Pause and Regulate. |
| 3 | Geoffrey Hinton | Safety / Doomer | Regretful Godfather. |
| 4 | Zvi Mowshowitz | Safety / Doomer | Rationalist Watchdog. |
| 5 | Ilya Sutskever | Safety / Doomer | Safe Superintelligence First. |
| 6 | Ezra Klein | Safety / Doomer | Policy Wonk, Nuclear Analogy. |
| 7 | Timnit Gebru | Ethicists and Critics | Justice and Ethics Now. |
| 8 | Emily Bender | Ethicists and Critics | Stochastic Parrots. |
| 9 | Gary Marcus | Ethicists and Critics | Deep Learning Wall. |
| 10 | Rodney Brooks | Skeptic | Embodied Skeptic. |
| 11 | Kevin Roose | Skeptic | Anxious Mainstream Voice. |
| 12 | Yann LeCun | Pragmatic Scientist | No AGI via LLM. |
| 13 | Francois Chollet | Pragmatic Scientist | Reasoning Needed, Not Scaling. |
| 14 | Dario Amodei | Builders and Futurists | Responsible Race to Top. |
| 15 | Ray Kurzweil | Builders and Futurists | Singularity is Near! |
| 16 | Dwarkesh Patel | Builders and Futurists | Deep Diver. |
| 17 | Demis Hassabis | Builders and Futurists | Cautious Architect. |
| 18 | Sam Altman | Builders and Futurists | Scale to AGI. |
| 19 | Marc Andreessen | Builders and Futurists | Techno-Optimist Manifesto. |
| 20 | Lex Fridman | Builders and Futurists | Optimistic Host. |
| 21 | Guillaume Verdon | e/acc | Thermodynamic Imperative! |
| 22 | Casey Newton | Media | Pragmatic Reporter. |
| 23 | Mark Zuckerberg | Builders and Futurists | Open Source Champion. |
| 24 | Andrew Ng | Pragmatic Scientist | Pragmatist, AI as Utility. |
This is a curated map of the 100 most influential voices in artificial intelligence as of 2026, spanning the United States, Europe and China - plotted by two questions: is AGI close, and should we build fast?
Last updated: June 2026
See also: 200 AI Tools · AI Reality Map · Test your AI proficiency · Executive AI Days